The Exploitation Of Earth s Natural Resources - 1504 Words

â€Å"We live on this world as if we have another planet to go to† (Swearingen). Exploitation of earth’s natural resources has been going on for a long time, at an incredibly high rate to match the increasingly alarming demands and needs of today’s world. It is important that people realize the consequence of such blatant exploitation of earth’s finite resources. Here steps in the concept of environmental stewardship which teaches us to responsibly use and therefore protect the natural environment through conservation and sustainable practices (Environmental stewardship). Environmental stewardship requires sustainable management of earth’s all finite resources like air, forests, water, land and most importantly fossil fuels. However oil is the†¦show more content†¦It would become clear that the cons outweigh the pros that is, it does more harm than good to the humanity. The development of these tar sands blatantly refutes everything which e nvironmental stewardship stands for. The first thing to consider is that tar sands itself isn’t a good energy resource. The amount of cost involved and the energy required to harvest oil from tar pits is far too great to ever become sustainable. Firstly, it requires huge amounts of energy during the extraction phase which requires heavy machinery to successfully pull out of the surface. Secondly, it also consumes a lot of energy in terms of transportation with in the plant and refinement to pull out the basic material. This method of obtaining oil is far more energy intensive as compared to other conventional drilling methods. Finally, transportation of the oil to other areas itself consumes energy. Even if the cost of transportation is disregarded for being less than other oil sources, the costs and energy required for refinement and extraction are still pretty high. Keeping this in mind, the EROEI, energy return on energy investment, for tar sands is among the lowest. This means there is less profitability to the world in developing tar sands, as it requires huge amount of energy to obtain a slightly higher amount of energy in return at the expense of far greater environmental

Extending the Use of Market Orientation

Question: Discuss about a Report on Extending the Use of Market Orientation? Answer: Introduction The Surfers Against Sewage (SAS) is one of the leading Environmental Charitable organizations which endeavors to protect, conserve sustain UKs oceans, waves and beaches. They are successful in their objective as they involve community action, education, volunteering jobs and scientific research to improve the state of the Oceans and the beaches and change the publics behavior and the government attitude and industry temperaments towards their objective (Greenfinder.co.uk, 2015). A main part of the organization deals with acquiring and retaining memberships so as to broaden their range and spread their message across a richer target. This will not only help the organization to grow but will also create the right market for communicating their message and propagating their campaign (frey, 2015). SWOT Analysis The analysis of the organization is needed to understand its strengths weaknesses and strategic alignments which will further help in planning the campaign and the understanding the organization. Strength- the organization is a charity community with volunteers and a committed membership whose sole aim is to protect UKs marine environment and generate concerns and actions in that area. It is authentic and has already achieved great success Weakness- the organization runs on limited funds and donations and in the recent light of fewer donations it needs a rise in the number of memberships and donations Opportunity- there is a wide berth of opportunities in the area that it has a wonderful website and presence in the digital and social media which will help the organization to communicate its message properly and reaches the target consumers directly. Threats- limited funds; other charitable organizations on human health and animals, communication barriers like opinion leaders are some of the factors which might have a negative effect on the organizations endeavor to reach the consumers. Proposed Campaign Title The Proposed Campaign title would shortly and precisely define the objective of the campaign and the subject and goal the campaign will achieve. Since the organization is concerned about recruiting and retaining membership for the charity to raise funds and propagate the message, the title should refer to the requirement of the campaign. Hence the title of the Campaign should be Join @ SAS (Sargeant and Wymer, 2008). Communication Context The design and construct the communication plan research and analysis of the current market, the consumers and the study of the present communication strategy need to be done. This will give a clear idea on what should be the new message and how it should be communicated and to whom (Turner, Miller and Gilbert, 2015). The Market The UK market is striving with charitable organizations. Each of the organizations is competing for the valuable time and money of the people. In 2012 there have been a huge cut in public spending and the donation fell by a fifth, thus increased the demand for charitable donations. Also with the rising concern for the climate and other issues that are concerning the world charitable organizations have come a long way in promoting concern and action towards mitigating issues and implementing sustainability. The overseas aid charities received a total of 10% donation, animal sector 6% and only 3% for environmental cases. The people are less concerned about environmental health and are yet doubtful of the fact that there donations are properly utilized. Hence it is very important to create a market for the indulging in the environmental charity of keeping the UK coastal ecosystem maintains (Hankinson, 2000). UK Charity HotSpots (Experian.co.uk, 2015): The Charity Consumer The people who thrive due to the charities are the coastal communities and businesses that depend on that natural habitat and are generally partakers of the charity institutions. The common citizens are slowly becoming aware of the environmental issues which are concerning the world. The high involvement people are generally more concerned about the effect of their consumption methods which influence the environment and wants to really work for the environment while the low involvement people e more in the good feeling they experience after donating(Ethicalconsumer.org, 2015). The main consumers or donors of the institutions consists of the teenagers and young adults within the age bracket of 16 to 24 years old and elderly people above 55 years old are the most generous donors. The middle aged people are most doubtful about the charitable organizations and are less keen on joining (Thetravelfoundation.org.uk, 2015). The Current Promotion/Communication Strategy The Surfers Against Sewage has used wide range of media vehicles to promote their charity campaigns and awareness communication. Starting from events, sponsorship programs to promotion through website, advertising in all available media and short films in SAS TV and SAS YouTube channel and social media pages as well are the strategies that have already been implemented (Sas.org.uk, 2015). There are newsletters different activities and a genuine call for fundraising in activities which are continuously and constantly propagated through UK media (Protectourwaves.org.uk, 2015). Objectives and Audiences The objectives of the Join @ SAS is to promote the charity in order to achieve membership recruitment and retention for creating an impact on the market, spread their message and complete the task within the limited budget or fund that the institution has in store (Pride and Ferrell, 2007). Proposed Objectives The aims and objectives of the Marketing Communication Campaign are: To create a communication plan that will directly reach the target consumers To attract people who will easily join hands with SAS to donate for the community services, events and campaigns To make sure the people are feeling benefitted through the donations somehow or having atleast a good impression about the organization and their involvement with it To sustain and retain the membership in order to create reputation and strong ground for the organization To promote and propagate the messages to all corners of the Country and influence more people to join the organization To develop and nurture the charity in order to take it to greater heights and fulfill the organizations aim of conserving, beautifying and protecting the waves and beaches of the UK Coastal ecosystem Target Audience The target audience is the people that are to be targeted through the marketing communication. They are the people who are asked to join with SAS and employ their valuable time and money and continue to do so. Market Segmentation Demographic- the age, sex and income of the people fall in this criteria. The people should be middle aged of both the genders with a high to medium disposable income who will willingly and gladly donate and involve with organization Psychographic/Cognitive- the people will be highly environment conscious and will feel that the nature is at threat and it is their valuable involvement which is helping the waves and the beaches to survive and sustain. The people must feel proud and active in the whole programme (Hibbert and Horne, 1996). Behavioral- the people would be somewhere between high involvement and low involvement group. They would be less regular consumers but will form the new initiated to the donating for charity crowd. Their donations would be of a good quantity, timely and constant. The Target Group The target group will hence comprise of people above 45+ years, with high disposable income who are generous donators or are new to the whole scenario. Positioning The communication will place the organization in such order that people will perceive it as active, authentic, socially concerned and completely beneficial than the competitors of the Charity market. Desired Response The desired response is what the Surfers Against Sewage community expects after the full fledged campaign. This response would be three sided. The first part will see more and more people querying about the organization and its activities, visiting the office or the website, taking part in events. The second part will see a large number of donations from existing and new consumers. There will be an exponential rise in the number of memberships. The third phase will see the retention factor where people would not cancel their membership and will continue to fund and take part in events and activities, response from old consumers will also be gathered who were previously wheeling away from the organization (Chad, 2013). Proposal The business proposal is to design, construct and market a communication strategy which will ensure that the objective of reaching towards the target consumer, recruiting and retaining membership for Surfers Against Sewage charity program (Amar, 2011). Marketing Communications Tools Before discussing the marketing communication tool the marketing elements are discussed. The marketing element briefly contains 4Ps which are: Product- it is the membership of the SAS which is being sold here so as to obtain donations for charity and spread their message to a wider scale. Price- the budget fixed for the campaign is 5k and the donations that are required are of the same amount or more. Place- the main target area where the marketing activity will take place is going to be Britain and other UK nations. The target people will be mostly UK residents, tourists will also be targeted at. Promotion- it consists of the marketing communication tools which will finally be implemented as a marketing communication tactics (Clow and Baack, 2002). It is called the Promotional Mix it consists of: Advertising The direct promotion of the communication through advertisements in various forms and different media options is necessary. Advertisements in TV and print is costly the least should be done there using of new media and radio will be cost effective and genuinely attract the target group. It is a paid form of promotion and little or no feedback is received from this thus it will be hard to evaluate the efficacy. Public Relation It is a non paid form of promotion and will be most effective as it excels in creating a good relation and image. Liaising with media personnel is important as they will cover the stories and publish the stories regarding the environment sustainability programs and membership campaigns and its benefits. Sponsorship programs will also act as public relation events as this will feature the organization. Personal Selling It is the oral face to face promotion where employees, volunteers and other members of the organization will meet the prospective clients and directly promote the organization its activities and will influence the people to join. Sales Promotion Activities such as trade fair events and discounts and added advantages like a picnic sponsored by the organization at the beaches would definitely interest the target audience and thus it will generate an increase in the number of donations and memberships. The Message The message is the communication that needs to be propagated to the target audience. To design the message the consumer insight is required. The consumers of Surfers Against Sewage are very much conscious of the environment. Although they need a certain amount of motivation in order to rise and join forces with the organization. The target group consists of experienced people who are doubtful of the charitable organization and are speculative and hence the message must be crystal clear and direct to reach the target people (Smart Insights, 2013). The Campaign title- Join @ SAS Tagline- Join in for Cleaner Waves Message- Our Earth is the only paradise we know and ocean and beaches are our richest sources, be a member of Surfers Against Sewage and join the crusade against pollution and help protect the coastal realm. All the promotional prints and communications must carry pictures of clear blue waves. The message should also project how neglecting the ocean and beaches harms the scenic and aesthetic beauty of the places and how it endangers life (Snow, 2011). The focus should be on recruiting and retaining memberships, hence advertisements on beach picnics, photography competitions for the members are a good way to promote the campaign. Also there should be continuous meets and activities involving the members so that they feel good about themselves and believe that something constructive is happening. A media tour of the beach landscapes and water sports sponsorship will be effective communication of the message. Media The media options or vehicles that are chosen for the promotional activities that is to be undertaken (Bruce and Bruce, 2011). Broadcast, Traditional, Digital/Social Media Radio- sound of waves and then a voiceover would be of great affectivity as the target group will listen to the radio message when they drive. They will be conscious and hold it as important. It will reach a large amount of audience. SASTV/ SAS YouTube- short films shot by regular members as a competition will be effective enough in creating the right amount of interest and will provoke others to join in. Print- newsletters and infomercials in the magazines or newspapers will be read carefully by the target group and it will cost as no charge of space is required. New media- like telephonic promotion and social media campaigns in Facebook, twitter, pinterest and instagram would interest the youth and prolific users of the digital world. Budget Media Cost Advertisement in TV 1k Euro Advertisement in Radio 500 Euro Newsletter 200 Euro Sponsorship Events 2k Euro Social Media 5oo Euro Evaluation 500 Euro Total Cost incurred 4700 Euro The budget is minimal as it is a charitable organization which believes in utilizing its funds on taking actions to mitigate pollution, climate control and other sustainable activities. Hence the whole campaign should be broad, discreet and not an extravaganza of affairs (Wang, Lee and Fu, 2010). Evaluation The evaluation of the activities is a must to understand the result, output and the efficacy of the marketing campaign. Firstly the telephonic interviews will yield results of what the consumer generally feel and how pro are they towards membership subscription or donating. The second evaluation method is direct testing of the media activities by surveys and data analysis (Wlrstore.com, 2015). The evaluation will require time and it must be seen that it is utilizing the least of the budget. The old members are called for seminars and meetings along with the new recruits, their attendance will provide the answer to the marketing activity. After 3 months of the activity the surveys, number of membership subscriptions, number and amount of donations, fund raised must be tallied together to see whether the marketing campaign has yielded positive results. Conclusion The Surfers Against Sewage is a charitable organization which is protecting the ocean, waves and beaches of UK and generating public awareness and government policy for caring for the marine environment. But there are few constraints like lack of motivation in donating for charities and doubts regarding the utility of the funs which have lead to very low memberships and funds for the charities. To fight back these constraints and be successful in their ultimate objective the campaign for recruiting and retaining of membership for SAS is taken up. The membership will ensure that more people are aware about the issues and the organization and will actively take part in the actions and projects taken also raise donations for the activities. Thus finally a campaign is designed which will reach the communication to the targeted consumer and will be effective enough in convincing them and generating continuous funds. Reference Amar, Z. (2011). How can charities justify marketing spend?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2011/oct/05/how-charities-justify-marketing-spend [Accessed 2 Jul. 2015]. Bruce, I. and Bruce, I. (2011). Charity marketing. London: ICSA Pub. Chad, P. (2013). Extending the use of market orientation: Transforming a charity into a business.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(1), pp.10-16. Clow, K. and Baack, D. (2002). Integrated advertising, promotion, and marketing communications. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Ethicalconsumer.org, (2015). Charities and their social and environmental performance. [online] Available at: https://www.ethicalconsumer.org/commentanalysis/factsvgreenwash/charitiesandtheirsocialandenvironmentalperformance.aspx [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Experian.co.uk, (2015). Experian identifies the UK's charity hot spots Experian Marketing Services. [online] Available at: https://www.experian.co.uk/marketing-services/news-uk-charities-hot-spots.html [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. frey, d. (2015). Charity Marketing: Growing Your Business Through Charitable Giving. [online] Frugalmarketing.com. Available at: https://www.frugalmarketing.com/dtb/charity.shtml [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Greenfinder.co.uk, (2015). Environmental Charities Company Categories Greenfinder. [online] Available at: https://www.greenfinder.co.uk/companies/environmental-charities/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Hankinson, P. (2000). Brand orientation in charity organisations: qualitative research into key charity sectors. Int. J. Nonprofit Volunt. Sect. Mark., 5(3), pp.207-219. Hibbert, S. and Horne, S. (1996). Giving to charity: questioning the donor decision process. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(2), pp.4-13. Pride, W. and Ferrell, O. (2007). Foundations of marketing. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Protectourwaves.org.uk, (2015). Ambassadors | Protect Our Waves Petition (Surfers Against Sewage). [online] Available at: https://www.protectourwaves.org.uk/ambassadors.php [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Sargeant, A. and Wymer, W. (2008). The Routledge companion to nonprofit marketing. London: Routledge. Sas.org.uk, (2015). Mission statement and vision | Surfers Against Sewage. [online] Available at: https://www.sas.org.uk/about/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Smart Insights, (2013). How can charities use social media to meet their goals? - Smart Insights Digital Marketing Advice. [online] Available at: https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/social-media-charities/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Snow, C. (2011). Advertising works 20. London: World Advertising Research Center. Thetravelfoundation.org.uk, (2015). Home. [online] Available at: https://www.thetravelfoundation.org.uk/ [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Turner,, R., Miller, D. and Gilbert, D. (2015). The Role of UK Charities and the Tourism Industry. 1st ed. [ebook] Surrey. Available at: https://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/634823/3/Miller_framework.pdf [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015]. Wang, C., Lee, T. and Fu, G. (2010). Journal of consumer marketing. [Bingley, UK]: Emerald. Wlrstore.com, (2015). Charity Performance Information, Expenses Latest Charity Research - Charity Market Monitor. [online] Available at: https://www.wlrstore.com/caritas-data/charity-market-monitor.aspx [Accessed 1 Jul. 2015].

Thousand Pieces of Gold Essay Example

Thousand Pieces of Gold Paper First she lived in China with her family. Her family is poor so she fears that she is going to lose her home. When she gets sold she loses her home and her family. She wants to escape from the bandits and run back home, but she escape. Then she get? bought and sent to the united States. She still thinks her home Is back In China and she plans to gather gold and use It to buy her way back there. She meets Jim, who to free her, but he dies and that ends her hope of going back to China. The person who buys her was Hong King, and Poly lives in the back mom of his saloon. After Charlie frees Poly, they live together and she realize her home is in the United States. They marry and move to Salmon Canyon to farm. Lulu lost her home, but eventually finds one with Charlie where she can be free. Lulu loses her first home in China tragically. Lulu gets caught by the bandit leader when she runs out of her hiding place to get a basket of potatoes. The bandit leader is Chin, her old laborer. Father tries to be brave and stand up for Lulu, but Chin threatens to kill his whole family because he knows all the holding places. There begs to make him let her go, but Chin offers to pay for her. Lulu tries to persuade him to let her go, but he refuse. Then Chin calls Ouzo to bring some seeds and throw them in front of father. ? stared at her father, willing him not to pick them up. He reached out, hesitated, then looked up at Lulu, his eyes pleading for understanding. She twisted her face away, a sob strangling in her throat. Behind her, she heard him snatch the bag an d scoop up the spilled 50) Her father has to decide between his daughter and the survival of the rest of the family. It shows how she is leaving her mom. We will write a custom essay sample on Thousand Pieces of Gold specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thousand Pieces of Gold specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thousand Pieces of Gold specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lulu is happy with her family, but her father sells her and she loses it. She is thrown out of the house Like not family. She loses her home for two bags of seeds. She come back to the family If she really wanted too. Now that she Is sold she go back to her family, because she doses? belong to them anymore. Poly know where she belongs. Poly and Charlie are walking to the top of the hill, and when they get there and look down Poly sees that to the left is the white part of Warrens where she lives with Charlie. There they are celebrating the Fourth of July with loud music and fireworks. To the right is Chinatown where they any celebrating and are acting like it is a regular day. Remember one time a man bring a performing monkey to my village. The man divide the audience in two and give each side one end of a rope to hold. Then the monkey walk carefully back and forth between the two sides. At each end, he stop a little bit, but he cannot stay, and so he walk again until he so tired, he 178-179) Poly Is going back and forth between the Chinese and the whites. Poly lives with Charlie In the white part of Warrens, but she Is Chinese and works In Chinatown. She is stuck in the middle. She know where she belongs or where to call none. Poly has to save her own home with Charlie. Poly leads Charlie out the house because she has a surprise. They talk about the canyon and how the river is frozen. They talk about taking trips to the Hump. Then Poly says that the Hump the only place people take trips. Charlie says yes it is. Poly says that Charlie is going to Warrens to file the mining claim. She dragged away broken pine branches laden with clumps of new snow, revealing a ditch exactly four feet square and ten feet 235) She digs a ditch even though it was frozen solid. Chinese own land which means that Poly still free and still needs to be taken care of. With the mining claim Poly can own her own land, her own house and be free. She can protect her land from miners if they try to take their land. Lulu life is about making her own freedom. Lulu loses her family and her home in China. In Warrens Poly know were she belongs. Finally she realizes her home is with Charlie in Salmon Canyon. Poly is sold from her happy family and home and never allowed back. Poly is stuck between the whites and Chinese. She know were she belongs. She finds her home in Salmon Canyon with Charlie.

Policies and Procedures in Preventing Pressure Ulcers Essay Example

Policies and Procedures in Preventing Pressure Ulcers Essay Example Policies and Procedures in Preventing Pressure Ulcers Essay Policies and Procedures in Preventing Pressure Ulcers Essay Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers 1 Running head: Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers 2 One of the most serious obstacles that long- term care facilities face with their residents is the development of pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers, or bed sores, occur when pressure is applied to areas of the body causing skin breakdown. Most pressure ulcers develop over bony prominences, where friction and shearing force combine with pressure to breakdown skin and underlying tissues (Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins, 2010, p. 1). † Pressure ulcers may occur when great force for a short period or less force over a long period impairs circulation to an area of skin. This process obstructs capillary blood flow which deprives the tissues of oxygen and nutrients. The results are ischemic lesions and tissue necrosis which can lead to serious infection. Common areas that pressure ulcers occur are on the coccyx, sacrum, greater trochanters, vertebrae, scapulae, elbows, knees, and heels. Patients who are bedridden or have impaired mobility are at great risk for pressure ulcer development (Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins, 2010). Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins (2010) state that the prevention of pressure ulcers includes relieving pressure, improving circulation, and providing adequate nutrition. Prevention also includes managing diseases such as vascular disorders and diabetes. Vascular disorders can impair circulation and uncontrolled diabetes can promote infection. The prevention of pressure ulcers begins with an accurate assessment. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (2007) categorizes pressure ulcers into six stages that include: suspected deep tissue injury, stage I, stage II, stage III, stage IV, and unstageable pressure ulcers. Suspected deep tissue injury occurs when underlying soft tissue is damaged by pressure or shearing. The appearance is described as a localized area that is urple, Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers 3 maroon, or presents a blood filled blister on intact skin. A stage I pressure ulcer occurs over localized, intact skin that is red and nonblanchable. Stage II ulcers are characterized by partial-thickness loss of the dermis that is broken with a shallow, open ulcer that has a reddish-pink wound bed. These ulcers can be intact or open serum-filled blisters. Stage III ulcers have similar characteristics as stage II ulcers. However, subcutaneous fat may be seen in the wound bed. This represents full-thickness tissue loss. Undermining or tunneling may be present at this stage. Stage IV pressure ulcers progress through subcutaneous fat exposing muscle, tendons, or bone. Slough or eschar may be present in the wound bed. Undermining and tunneling are common in this stage. An unstageable ulcer occurs when the base of the ulcer is covered by slough, eschar, or both. Unless the slough and eschar are removed, the depth of the ulcer is unknown. For this reason, the ulcer is unstageable. Prevention is the key to avoiding extensive treatment and complications. At McCauley Sanctuary, a long- term care facility in Muskegon, preventative tools such as the Braden scale are used during an assessment. The Braden scale is a reliable instrument used to measure a patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers. There are six areas that are assessed: sensory perception, skin moisture, physical activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction and shear. Each area produces 1-4 points, depending on the description that fits the patient. After the six area assessment, the points are tallied. The lower the points, the greater the risk is for the patient to develop pressure ulcers. The Braden Scale is useful in developing the patient’s plan of care. When a patient is at risk for pressure ulcers, a plan of care may include frequent repositioning to decrease pressure. It may also include the use of special equipment to reduce Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers 4 pressure intensity (Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins, 2010). At McCauley Sanctuary, every patient has a 4† thick mattress overlay to reduce pressure intensity. They are also anti-microbial, which discourages infection. I noticed that every wheelchair had a thick foam cushion as well. Bolster pillows and regular pillows are used to reposition patients and relieve pressure from bony prominences. I had the duty of showering a patient on my first day of clinical. After her shower, I was instructed to apply a moisturizing cream to her sacrum, coccyx, and any other areas that showed signs of skin breakdown. The use of special equipment that reduce pressure and cream that is used on patients are examples of how McCauley Sanctuary complies with preventative measures. The patient I worked with did not require repositioning since her mobility was only slightly limited. Upon request I was given a handout of the clinic guidelines entitled Pressure Ulcer Prevention. The policy stated to turn and reposition a patient with impaired mobility every 1-2 hours. It also advised lifting the patient, with assistance, instead of sliding them. This is because sliding increases friction and shear which can contribute to the development of pressure ulcers. This handout was supported by EBP articles from the Journal of Advanced Nursing and the Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing. It also included EBP provided by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. I have read and studied information regarding pressure ulcers, but being at McCauley allowed me to apply assessment skills and prevention of pressure ulcer development. I am a hands-on learner and being able to actually see prevention and care plan implementation has made learning and retaining this information easier. I am very grateful that I had this Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers 5 opportunity provided to me by Grand Rapids Community College, Pilgrim Manor, and the patients I provided care to. Procedures and Policies in Preventing Pressure Ulcers 6 References Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins. (2010). Pressure ulcer prevention. Retrieved on July 15, 2010 from nursingprocedures. net/lnp/form/printPage. jsp National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. (2007). Pressure ulcer stages revised by NPUAP. Retrieved on February 19, 2011from npuap. org/pr2. htm

Top Major Causes and Motivations of Terrorism

Top Major Causes and Motivations of Terrorism Loosely defined, terrorism is the use of violence with the aim of furthering a political or ideological goal at the expense of the general population. Terrorism can take many forms and has many causes, often more than one. It can have its roots in religious, social, or political conflicts, often when one community is oppressed by another. Some terrorist events are singular acts linked to a particular historical moment, such as the assassination of Austrias Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, which touched off World War I. Other terrorist attacks are part of an ongoing campaign that may last years or even generations, as was the case in Northern Ireland from 1968 to 1998.   Historical Roots Although acts of terror and violence have been committed for centuries, terrorisms modern roots can be traced to the French Revolutions Reign of Terror in 1794–95, with its gruesome public beheadings, violent street battles, and bloodthirsty rhetoric. It was the first time in modern history that mass violence was used in such a fashion, but it would not be the last. In the latter half of the 19th century, terrorism would emerge as the weapon of choice for nationalists, particularly in Europe as ethnic groups chafed under the rule of empires. The Irish National Brotherhood, which sought Irish independence from Britain, carried out a number of bomb attacks in England in the 1880s. About the same time in Russia, the socialist group  Narodnaya Volya began a campaign against the royalist government, ultimately assassinating Tsar Alexander II in 1881. In the 20th century, acts of terrorism became more prevalent throughout the world as political, religious, and social activists agitated for change. In the 1930s, Jews living in occupied Palestine conducted a campaign of violence against the British occupiers in a quest to create the state of Israel. In the 1970s, Palestinian  terrorists used then-novel methods such as hijacking airplanes to further their cause. Other groups, espousing new causes like animal rights and environmentalism, committed acts of violence in the 1980s and 90s. And in the 21st century, the rise of pan-nationalist groups like ISIS that use social media to connect its members have killed thousands in attacks in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Causes and Motivations Although people resort to terrorism for a number of reasons, experts attribute most acts of violence to three major factors: Political.  Terrorism was originally theorized in the context of insurgency and guerrilla warfare, a form of organized political violence by a non-state army or group.  Individuals, abortion clinic bombers, or groups, like the Vietcong in the 1960s, can be understood as choosing terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social, political or historical wrong. During the Troubles in Northern Ireland, which stretched from 1968 to 1998, Catholic and Protestant groups waged an ongoing campaign of violence against one another in Northern Ireland and in England, seeking political dominance.Religious.  In the 1990s, a number of attacks carried out in the name of religion made headlines. The Japanese doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo perpetrated two deadly sarin gas attacks in the Tokyo subways in 1994 and 1995, and in the Middle East, numerous suicide attacks since the 1980s have been celebrated as the work of Islamic martyrs.  Career terrorism experts began to arg ue that a new form of terrorism was on the  rise, with concepts  such as martyrdom and Armageddon  seen as particularly dangerous. However, as thoughtful studies and commentators have repeatedly pointed out, such groups selectively interpret and exploit religious concepts and texts to support terrorism. Religions themselves do not cause terrorism. Socioeconomic.  Socio-economic explanations of terrorism suggest that various forms of deprivation drive people to terrorism, or that they are more susceptible to recruitment by organizations using terrorist tactics.  Poverty, lack of education or lack of political freedom are a few examples.  There is suggestive evidence on both sides of the argument. Comparisons of different conclusions are often very confusing because they dont distinguish between individuals and societies, and they pay little attention to the nuances of how people perceive injustice or deprivation, regardless of their material circumstances. The group Shining Path carried out a years-long campaign of violence against Perus government in the 1980s and early 90s in an attempt to create a Marxist state.   This explanation of the causes of terrorism may be difficult to swallow. It sounds too simple or too theoretical. However, if you look at any group that is widely understood as a terrorist group, you will find these elements are basic to their story. Psychological and Sociological Considerations: Individual vs. the Group Sociological and social psychology views of terrorism make the case that groups, not individuals, are the best way to explain social phenomena such as terrorism. These ideas, which are still gaining traction, are congruent with the late-20th-century trend toward seeing society and organizations in terms of networks of individuals. This view also shares common ground with studies of authoritarianism and cult behavior that examines how individuals come to identify so strongly with a group that they lose individual agency.  There is also a substantial body of theory that now concludes that individual terrorists are no more or less likely than other individuals  to have abnormal pathology.   Analysis Rather than seek the causes of terrorism itself, a better approach is to determine the conditions that make terror possible or likely. Sometimes these conditions have to do with the people who become terrorists; they are described as having certain psychological traits, like narcissistic rage. And some conditions have to do with the circumstances they live in, such as political or social repression, or economic strife. Terrorism is a complex phenomenon; it is a specific kind of political violence committed by people who do not have a  legitimate army at their disposal. There is nothing inside any person or in their circumstances that send them directly to terrorism. Instead, certain conditions make violence against civilians seem like a reasonable and even necessary option. Stopping the cycle of violence is rarely simple or easy. Although the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 brought an end to the violence in Northern Ireland, for example, the peace remains a fragile one. And despite nation-building efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan, terrorism remains a daily fact of life after more than a decade of Western intervention. Only time and commitment by a majority of the parties involved can resolve​ a conflict.

GOOGLE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GOOGLE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example But in line with this selection, a comprehensive tool vested in the use of a VIRO analysis is implemented in critically evaluating the credibility of the selected option for the company. The VIRO analysis will be simplified in a manner that takes four major independent variables, which are tested against four other dependent variables. The independent variables are given as financial resources, human resources, material resources, and nonmaterial resources. Each of these will be tested against value, rareness, imitability, and organization in place at Google Inc. The cost Leadership Option Generally, the cost leadership option is in place to ensure that the company gains competitive advantage by taking consumers away from competitors and bringing them to the side of Google Inc. To effectively do this, there are two major approaches for the company to follow. In the first instance, there is the need to increase market share by reducing prices (Horkheimer and Theodor, 2007). This may s ound as an irony as a pair of objectives that cannot be achieved hand in hand. But from a very technical viewpoint, it is possible to both reduce prices and increase market share by using the cost leadership option (Lessig, 2009). ... This is because it has already been established that when there is increase in revenue, there must be a corresponding reduction in expenditure to make profitability possible. Meanwhile, the cost of production accounts for one of the highest sources of expenditure for most companies, of which Google Inc. is not exception (Barthes, 2008). Since 2004, Google’s cost of production has been said to be going up steadily especially as the company started engaging in a number of divestitures that are aimed at increasing the revenue pool of the company. To effectively use the cost leadership option, the company must be prepared to focus attention on the need to reduce most of its identified cost, especially internal costs that bring about cost sharing situations (Althusser, 2011). This way, it will be possible to produce goods and services at a much reduced cost, which will ensure that even if prices are charged at all-time low, market share will not be affected. Using VIRO Analysis to analyze the Cost Leadership Option Having identified the cost leadership option as the most viable option for Google, this section of the paper uses the VIRO analysis to critically break the option down into four major business constituents of Google Inc. these four constituents are financial resources, material resources, nonmaterial resources and human resources. Each of these four constituents shall be analysed using the four acronyms of VIRO, which are value, imitation, rareness and organisation. Financial Resources As far as the value of Google’s financial resources are concerned, one major question is posed. This is the question of how expensive the financial resource is (Gramsci, 2007). It would be established that Google is one of the most fortunate global IT companies that has a

Medicating Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medicating Children - Essay Example there is a broad spectrum of behavioral problems in children as they are still undergoing psycho-emotional changes and coming to terms with their true identity. Some behavioral problems that are frequently observed in children include aggression towards animals or others, hostile behavior and anger issues for a period of at least six consecutive months (Rubin, 21). Hence; in some cases the use of medication may be completely unnecessary. There is a wide range of therapies that have been found to be effective in addressing behavioral problems and in some situations behavioral therapy has found to be equally effective with fewer side effects than use of medications. Therefore, parents, students, teachers and medical practitioners should work together towards devising interventions that do not include medication. Since these measures have been found to be equally effective, research should be dedicated towards improving these methods and creating new ones for therapeutic purposes. This paper will discuss the negative attributes of utilizing medications and the benefits that are attained from alternative therapy. The prevalence of behavior problems among children is substantial and under diagnosed as it is often mistaken for normal childhood mischief. However, the implications on the child’s life can be serious if the appropriate measures are not taken to help the child. Furthermore, these implications would also extend to problems within the community as the levels of crime may increase subsequently (Rubin, 21). Children with behavior problems may also become isolated making them prone suicide and depression. Therefore, intervention for these children is inevitable and this should be accompanied with early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment plans. The problem however lies in the side effects that have been discovered from using these drugs. The side effects have been found to supersede the benefits that are attained making their use questionable especially